Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood, a condition known as hyperglycemia. This condition can lead to various health complications if not managed properly.
Types of Diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) / Juvenile Diabetes
- Affects both adults and children.
- Results from the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
- More common and typically develops in adults.
- Often linked to obesity and lifestyle factors; the body becomes resistant to insulin.
- Gestational Diabetes
- Occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth.
- Increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Common Symptoms
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
Diagnosis
- Fasting Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar levels after fasting.
- Normal: 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)
- Prediabetes: 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)
- Diabetes: 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher.
- Random Glucose Test: Measures blood sugar without fasting.
- Diabetes: 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher.
Complications of Diabetes
- Kidney Disease: Can lead to kidney failure.
- Eye Damage: Increased risk of cataracts and glaucoma.
- Nerve Damage: May cause pain, tingling, or loss of sensation in extremities.
Preventive Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- Monitor blood sugar levels as advised by a healthcare provider.
Understanding diabetes and its implications can empower individuals to manage their health effectively. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
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